How web-bonding is powerful as physical bonding Free Essay Example, 1500 words

This was the same pattern during the Civil Rights Movement when the blacks were agitating for equal rights and acquired enough mass to effect change in the social and political arena as well as in the economic sphere, to be free from any racial discrimination. In the same way, this had been the route taken by the womens liberation movement (feminism) in which gender discrimination has been essentially abolished, resulting into equal pay for equal work. There are many similar movements or advocacies which sought to accomplish some ends and which were eventually successful to some extent, such as equal rights for gays and lesbians or movements to save the environment like what was started by the late Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Wangari Maathai (1940-2011) in Kenya, which became a worldwide phenomenon under the banner of the Greenbelt Movement and still continues strong today for its advocacies. The so-called Arab Spring, which is a revolutionary movement in the Arab world, is a similar event which consisted of demonstrations, civil uprisings, street protests and in some cases, resulting into full-fledged civil wars. We will write a custom essay sample on How web-bonding is powerful as physical bonding or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now It began as a peaceful protest to seek government reforms against totalitarian or oppressive governments under either a monarchy or a dictator, to effect changes in the political, economic, social or even religious lives of the citizens. People power revolutions are usually spontaneous political events which eventually snowball into a mass movement that acquire a critical mass of people, which the police and military of the government can no longer handle due to the sheer number of people it gets involved in. This big number overwhelms the capacity of state institutions to handle protests peacefully and then usually turns violent, which in turn further angers more people to join the movement. This was the case in the Philippines, although it was a peaceful revolution, in which no lives were lost and which was copied elsewhere, primarily in the Eastern and Central Europe countries, which overthrew their oppressive communist governments. This was known as the Velvet Revolution as it was also non-violent; it caused the downfall of the former USSR, or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and effectively ended the Cold War. Previously, political protests were just by a few people. This is because the people in these protests had a hard time disseminating their ideas and advocacies; very few people had heard of what they aimed to achieve. Before the advent of social media networks, it was quite easy for the government authorities to control these crowds and arrest protesters, and movements of people were likewise restricted to contain the protests from further flaring up.

Freedom Of Religion Establishment Clause - 2428 Words

1st Amendment Freedom of Religion: Establishment Clause Court Case Significance Everson v. Board of Education (1947) A law created in New Jersey compensated parents who sent their children to public or catholic school on the public bus transportation. It was challenged and thought it was going against the Establishment Clause which prohibits the government to make any law in favor of a religion, but Justice Black said that any sort of events like riding the bus to a catholic place or protecting it from an event is different from specifically doing it for them just for the religion. It was not violating anything because they were funding for the child to go to school not actually funding the catholic school. Engel v. Vitale (1962) At the beginning of each school day in the state of New York the board of regents enabled short, volunteer recitations of prayers. It was ruled that it went against the â€Å" establishment of religion† in the First Amendment because although they were not forced to do it still in a way was involved with the government and favoring a religion. Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) In both Pennsylvania and Rhode Island adopted statutes to fund non-public and non-secular schools. The appellees were Lemon for Pennsylvania and Taxpayers for Rhode Island and they claimed the statutes went against the 1st amendment specifically the establishment clause. It went to court and was ruled that it was against the clause because they found that the statutes had excessiveShow MoreRelatedFreedom Of Speech : Bill Of Rights851 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances† (Bill of Rights - Bill of Rights Institute. Bill of Rights Institute). How do these â€Å"Clauses† protect us within the First Amendment? Do we really have â€Å"freedom of speech†? Let us find out. The Establishment Clause deals with where the state and religion are separatedRead MoreSchool District V. Schempp1618 Words   |  7 PagesCase that challenged religious prayer and teachings in Pennsylvania public schools. The Pennsylvania law made it a requirement for schools in all districts to read from the Bible (at least 10 verses) every day before class began. There was also a clause included in the state action that allowed for any child to be excused from the reading with specific permission from their parent or guardian. The question that this case asks is if it is unconstitutional for public schools to mandate children toRead MoreSchool District V. Schempp : Establishment Clause1178 Words   |  5 PagesSchempp Markham, 2 Abington School District v. Schempp Markham, 1 Abington School District v. 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Well the answer is no, it is against the law for schools to sponsor or endorse speechRead MoreThe Ten Commandments and the Establishment Clause970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ten Commandments and the Establishment Clause The United States of America is a free country that encourages its citizens to observe and express their freedom. This freedom is expressed in different ways and forms which include the freedom to exercise any type of religion without the government’s interference or support. This freedom is primarily safeguarded by the Constitution. The forefathers of American democracy proclaim the separation of Church and State to ensure that there is no encroachingRead MoreThe Public University Of Arkansas State University958 Words   |  4 PagesPaine, one of our founding fathers, expressed, â€Å"As to religion, I hold it to be the indispensable duty of the government to protect all conscientious protesters thereof, and I know of no other business government has to do therewith,† (â€Å"20 Quotes†). While the separation of church and state was a necessity made clear by Thomas Jefferson in the first amendment of the Constitution, the question differentiating freedom of religion and freedom from religion remains intangible. The public university of ArkansasRead MoreSepartion of Church and State Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesThe Constitution of the United States was written to give citizens certain privileges and rights in the way of free thought and freedom. The Establishment Clause was one way that civilians were protecting religious liberty by the separation of church and state. Within our political and school systems there have been a number of controversial issues to include religious holidays, school prayer, teaching evolution and aid to church based schools. The Supreme Court has ruled in many cases in regardsRead MoreThe Amendment And Freedom Of Speech1545 Words   |  7 Pages The 1st amendment was made to guarantee freedoms in the field of expression assembly, religion, and ones rights to petition. It prohibits congress men from promoting ones religious practices and also supporting ones faith over another. It also forbids the congress men from disturbing and obscuring the freedom of the press to express itself and also the freedom of speech per individual. It also assures the right of each civilian to petition the regime to redress accusations and gather peacefullyRead MoreThe Civil Liberties Of The United States Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesCivil liberties is the individual rights and freedoms that government is obliged to protect, normally by not interfering in the exercise of these rights and freedoms. However, over the years the rights for the people have either have become open and free or it has become restrictive. The bill of rights in terms of scope in civil liberties protection has changed by three paths such three paths are increased in authority of federal government, the Supreme court shifted its interpretation of constitutionalRead MoreThe First Amendment Of The United States Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe first amendment to the U.S. Constitution states, â€Å"Congress shall make n o law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Supreme Court has been inconsistent in the application of these sometimes conflicting requirements. At times, the Court takes a separationist position, erecting a solid wall between church and state, and at other times takes an accommodationist position, siding with an individual’s right to exercise their religious beliefs. Religious

Taxation Law Tax Governance Issues

Question: Discuss about the Report for Taxation Law of Tax Governance Issues. Answer: Introduction: The assignment mainly helps in depicting the overall complexity of the current tax system used in Australia. Furthermore, it also helps in evaluating the multiple policies that are currently being used by Australian tax system to transfer tax. In addition, the novice effectively evaluates the limitation of the current tax receiving system that is being used in Australia. Moreover, the overall tax and transfer architecture that is used by the Australian government is losing its friction and beginning to decrease its efficiency rate. Evaluating the multiple policies used in the Australian Tax and transfer system: The figure in Appendix mainly helps in providing details about the policies, which are used in the tax transfer system. However, the complex tax and transfer system mainly helps in enforcing laws, which might reduce unethical practises conducted by individuals and companies. In this context, Golladay and Haveman (2013) mentioned that adequate involvement of latest softwares mainly help in increasing user-friendly approach of the tax transfer system. On the other hand, Whiteford (2014) criticises that without adequate training complex system might lose its friction and increase dissatisfaction among users. Furthermore, the overall complex transfer and tax system mainly helps in achieving the following objectives. In addition, the overall tax and transfer system mainly helps in reducing the unethical practises conducted by individuals and companies. Moreover, the complex policies and transfer system effectively help in minimizing tax evasions conducted by its citizens. Herault and Azpitarte (2015) mentioned that strict rules and legislations mainly help in gathering a higher tax from individuals and companies. However, James et al. (2015) argued that some companies use auditors to indentify loopholes in taxation and accoutring policies to reduce their overall tax. In addition, the overall tax and transfer system mainly helps in identifying the adequate tax amount, which needed to be paid by individuals and companies. Furthermore, the complex tax and transfer system also helps in limiting the unethical practises, which in turn increases the overall tax collection from Australian citizens. Moreover, the current system used by the Australian government mainly helps in identifying specific tax for each items and income, which needs to be paid by corporate. Koethenbuerger (2014) cited that increased efficiency of the tax system mainly helps in reducing loopholes used for tax evasion. Nevertheless, Stokes and Wright (2013) criticises that complicity of tax transfer system mainly reduces user friendliness of the software and affects the overall acculturation of tax. The main aim of the current Australian tax and transfer system is to provide relative details about the different types of tax, which needs top paid by the corporate and individuals. In addition, the system mainly aims in being user-friendly by accommodating all the policies that are being adopted by the Australian government. However, increased policies and division in different types of tax mainly increases the overall time to deliver the adequate tax, needs to be paid by the user. Fletcher and Guttmann (2013) argued that increased completion time might also raise the overall traffic and might freeze the whole tax transfer system resulting in losses for the government. On the other hand, Heferen et al. (2013) mentioned that with the help of adequate servers and new technology governments are able to reduce system freeze. In addition, with the help of current policies and tax transfer system Australian government is able to promote tax equality among its citizens, which might help in generating high tax revenue. Moreover, the system effectively provides details about the tax slab, rebate, and provisions, which could be helpful in maintaining tax equality among citizens (Taxreview.treasury.gov.au 2016). In addition, the system also helps in segregating capital expenditure to provide an adequate levy for companies to reduce excessive tax pay. Rimmer et al. (2014) stated that identification of effective tax isolation mainly helps individuals to evaluate their expenses conducted in the fiscal year. Moreover, the overall proper levy of tax mainly helps in generating revenues from individuals by providing tax on different types of income. The proper levy of taxing system reduces the loopholes, which might be used by companies to decreases their tax payout. Valenzuela et al. (2014) mentioned that strict rules and regulations effectively help in reducing loopholes and increase overall cash inflow of the government. However, Evans (2012) criticises that increased implementation of policies and rules mainly have a negative affect the tax transfer system and might decrease its overall efficiency. Describing the overreach and overburden Australian tax system currently being used by the taxpayers in Australia: In addition, in Australia the tax system is very complicated due to the changing policies and implementation of the new rule in overall taxation. In addition, the taxation system comprises of sub heading and sub adjustment, which could not be effectively adjusted by the current tax transfer system used in Australia (Taxreview.treasury.gov.au 2016). In addition, the overall complexity mainly lies within its Vat and Service tax imposed by the Australian government. In this context, Creedy and Herault (2015) mentioned that with the help of effective adoption of one type of taxation system could eventually reduce the overall burden on the tax transfer system used by governments. In addition, the overall statutory tax rate that is currently being used in Australia is not effective and does not help in improving the adjustment conducted on withdraws or transfer. This limited approach of the system mainly reduced the ability of the current tax transfer system used in Australia. Tranà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Nam and Evans (2014) mentioned that with the help of adequate tax structure governments are able to minimise unethical tax evasion and increase their cash inflow. The overall GST system mainly comprises of different types of layers with limits and rates, which is currently decreasing the efficiency of the current tax transfer system. Whiteford (2010) mentioned that complicated adjustment system might confuse the overall end user and overburden the tax transfer system. Moreover, Australian government to increase taxes from business is using the current complicated GST system. In addition, the GST system mainly comprises of different levels tax rate, which mainly helps in maintain tax equality (Taxreview.treasury.gov.au 2016). The overall increase in technology has mainly increased the number of service providers in Australia and significantly changed the tax system. The increase in technological pace has also increased the cultivation of policies and adjustment, which could be used in the tax system to maintain tax equality. This increased policies and adjustment has mainly complicated the tax transfer system, which in turn increase the overburdening of the system. Mangioni (2016) argued that without regular updating of software and hardware components the tax transfer system may lose its friction and might freeze during transactions. In addition, the major part of the taxes is mainly generated from payroll policies that are being adopted by the Australian government. Moreover, the strict payroll schemes and policies in different level have mainly complicated the overall tax transfer system. In addition, complicated tax transfer systems mainly overburden the servers and increases traffic. Moreover, the Australian government uses territorial payroll taxation system but has only one tax transfer system. Thus, the complexity of the payroll calculation is mainly affecting the tax transfer system used by the Australian government. In this context, Golladay and Haveman (2013) suggested that governments with help of territorial taxes are able to effectively distribute its population and use the available natural resources. In addition, the overall tax transfer system due to security reasons uses ideal logout system. Moreover, the tax transfer system mainly logouts the users from the system if the system is ideal for some time. This security measures in mainly frustrating and increases the number of users at single time. According to Herault and Azpitarte (2015), an effective security measures could eventually help in reducing hackers from gaining accesses to the tax transfer system. On the other hand, Mangioni (2016) criticises that a complicated security system could reduce users satisfaction level and might increase transaction completion time. Effectively recommending a rationalised tax and transfer system that could be used in Australia to overcome identified shortcomings: Currently the overall tax and transfer system that is being used in Australia is in turmoil and is not producing the required level of output. Furthermore, the complexity of the tax transfer system is mainly depleting the overall satisfaction level of the taxpayers and increasing burden on the system. Moreover, with the help of figure 2, the overall number of taxes, which is imposed by the Australian government, could be effectively evaluated. Furthermore, these taxes have different level of limitation and rate, which is negatively affecting the tax transfer system (Taxreview.treasury.gov.au 2016). Moreover, the following measure could be taken by the Australian government to reduce the shortcomings of their current tax and transfer system. In addition, the current hardware system that is being used by the Australian government could be improved by increasing the number of servers and traffic. In addition, the improvements of hardware technology could help in accommodating the increasing number of users currently accessing the tax transfer system used in Australia. Furthermore, with advanced servers and adequate connectivity the tax transfer system could be effectively improved, which in turn might reduce overall burden on system. In this context, Whiteford (2014) mentioned that use of latest technology mainly helps in reducing glitches from the software, which in turn decreases the overall wait time of the users. Moreover, the software update could also help the tax transfer system that is being used by the Australian citizens. In addition, the Australian government could effectively implement latest software and user-friendly accessibility to design the new tax transfer system, which might help in reducing the overburdening of the system. Koethenbuerger (2014) cited that use of latest software technology mainly helps in increasing the user-friendly approach of the software. However, James et al. (2015) criticises that increasing number of users and complicated security system might hamper the overall traffic of the software Furthermore, the Australian government could effectively uses mobile and tablet application with the current website system to increase the efficiency of the overall tax transfer system. Moreover, inclusion of mobile application could eventually help in reducing the overall traffic on the website and could increase user-friendly approach of the tax transfer system. Fletcher and Guttmann (2013) suggested that use of mobile application mainly helps in connecting the users directly to the servers without the access of any portal. In addition, the Australian government could also reduce the overall policies and implement a one-tax rule on payroll and income tax system. Moreover, the one tax rule will help in reducing the sub divisions in payroll that needs to be accommodate in the tax transfer system. Furthermore, reduction in subsection could eventually help in uncomplicating the current system and improve its efficiency. Stokes and Wright (2013) stated that simplistic software approach mainly help in improving satisfaction level of the end user. However, Rimmer et al. (2014) argued that increased simplicity of the software might not be able to provide the required level of productivity needed from a tax transfer system. Conclusion: The overall study mainly helps in evaluating the current inefficiency of the tax transfer system used in Australia. Moreover, the novice effectively evaluates different types of policies and its affect on the overall tax transfer system. In addition, the multiple policies that the current tax system tries to achieve are effectively evaluated in the study. Furthermore, the novice effectively depicts how the current tax paying system is being overburdened by the changing policies. Lastly, the novice effectively depicts the tax transfer architecture, which could be used by the Australian government to reduce overburden on the Tax system. Reference: Creedy, J. and Hrault, N., 2015. Decomposing inequality changes: Allowing for leisure in the evaluation of tax and transfer policy effects.Fiscal Studies,36(2), pp.157-180. Evans, C., 2012. Tax Governance Issues: Managing System Complexity.Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy,31(1), pp.30-35. Fletcher, M. and Guttmann, B., 2013. Income inequality in Australia.Economic Round-up, (2), p.35. Golladay, F.L. and Haveman, R.H., 2013.The economic impacts of taxtransfer policy: Regional and distributional effects. Elsevier. Heferen, R., Mitchell, N. and Amalo, I., 2013. Tax policy formulation in Australia.Economic Round-up, (2), p.1. Herault, N. and Azpitarte, F., 2015. Recent Trends in Income Redistribution in Australia: Can Changes in the Taxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Benefit System Account for the Decline in Redistribution?.Economic Record,91(292), pp.38-53. James, S., Sawyer, A. and Wallschutzky, I., 2015. Tax simplification: A review of initiatives in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.eJournal of Tax Research,13(1), p.280. Koethenbuerger, M., 2014. Competition for migrants in a federation: Tax or transfer competition?.Journal of Urban Economics,80, pp.110-118. Mangioni, V., 2016. De-siloing and defining recurrent land tax revenue in Australia.Australasian Journal of Regional Studies,22(1), p.58. Rimmer, X., Smith, J. and Wende, S., 2014. The incidence of company tax in Australia.Economic Round-up, (1), p.33. Stokes, A. and Wright, S., 2013. Does Australia Have A Good Income Tax System?.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),12(5), p.533. Taxreview.treasury.gov.au. (2016).Architecture of Australia's tax and transfer system. Available From: https://www.taxreview.treasury.gov.au/content/Paper.aspx?doc=html/publications/papers/report/section_2-01.htm [Accessed on 8 Aug. 2016]. Tranà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Nam, B. and Evans, C., 2014. Towards the development of a tax system complexity index.Fiscal Studies,35(3), pp.341-370. Valenzuela, M., Lean, H.H. and Athanasopoulos, G., 2014. Economic inequality in Australia between 1983 and 2010: a stochastic dominance analysis.Economic Record,90(288), pp.49-62. Whiteford, P., 2010. The Australian Taxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Transfer System: Architecture and Outcomes.Economic Record,86(275), pp.528-544. Whiteford, P., 2014. chapter 3 Australia: inequality and prosperity and their impacts in a radical welfare state. Changing Inequalities and Societal Impacts in Rich Countries: Thirty Countries' Experiences, p.48.